ORTHOPAEDICS ASSESSMENT
Date:
Name:
Age:
Gender:
Occupation:
Address:
Chief Complaint:
* History:
*Present History --
-Allowed to narrate history
-Date of onset of symptoms
-Mechanism of injury
-Mode of onset
- Muscular weakness
-Condition - Improved, Stationary. Deteriorated
* Pain History--
-Duration of symptoms
-Type of pain
-Aggravating and Relieving factors
*Past History --
-Any history of Tuberculosis
-Bronchial Asthma
-Blood Pressure
-Diabetes
-Cardiac Problems
-Enquiry made for any accidental injury
*Family History--
-Hereditary?
-Consanguinity?
*Personal History--
-Cigarettes - Number day How long?
-Alcoholic - Amount/day Duration
** Socio-economic History
* Medical History
Present medication patient is on
*On Observation:
- General Condition of patient - Poor. Good, Fair built
- Wasting
-Oedema
-Any bandages, Scars - Area Extent
- Attitude of the Limbs - Supine, Sitting, Standing
- Type of gait Bony
-contours
- Deformities
*On Palpation:
Tenderness
Grading
1: Patient complains of pain
2: Patient complains of pain & winces
3: Patient winces & withdrawals
4: Patient will not allow palpation of the joint
* D/F tissue tension and texture
* Temperature variation of skin Spasm Type of skin Dry or Excessive moisture
* Scar- Adherent / Non Adherent
Swelling
-Comes on soon after injury - Blood
-Comes on after 8 to 24 hours - Synovial Boggy, spongy feeling - Synovial
-Harder, tense feeling with warmth - Blood Tough, dry - Callus
-Leathery thickening - Chronic
-Soft fluctuating - Acute
-Hard - Bone
-Thick, slow-moving - Pitting oedema
-Crepitus, Abnormal sounds
*On Examination:
-Vital Signs
-Motor Assessment
*Range of Motion (ROM)
Active - When and where pain starts
-Whether movement increases pain
- Pattern of movement
- Trick movements
Passive - When and where pain starts
Whether movement increases pain
Pattern of movement
D/F between range of motion available
End feel
*End Feel
-Normal-Bone to Bone
- Soft Tissue Approximation
- Tissue Stretch Abnormal Early Muscle Spasm
- Late Muscle Spasm
- Hard Capsular
- Soft Capsular
- Bone to Bone
-Empty
-Springy Block
-Capsular Patterns
Manual Muscle Testing
MRC Grading
*Resisted Isometrics
- On contraction causes pain and, if it does, pain's intensity & quality
- Strength of contraction
- Type of contraction causing problem (concentric, isometric eccentric)
* Joint movements
- Loose packed position
- Close packed position
* Sensory Assessment
Superficial Sensations
- Pain, Temperature, Light touch,
Pressure
* Deep Sensations
- Movement sense,
Position sense
*Combined Sensations
Stereognosis, Tactile Localization, Two Point Discrimination, Graphesthesia
*MRC Grading
SO: No sensation
SI : Deep Proprioception
S2: Skin touch, pain thermal sensation
S3: S2 with accurate localization but
deficient stereognosis, cold
sensitivity, hypersensitivity often
present
S3+: Object and texture recognition but
not normal sensation, good but not
normal two point discrimination
S4: Normal sensations
* Reflexes
Superficial Reflexes
Corneal, Abdominal, Plantar. Cremasteric
*Deep Reflexes
- Biceps, Triceps, Babinski Reflex, Knee Jerk, Ankle Jerk
Clonus
Grading
0: Absent
1: Diminished
2: Normal
3: Brisk
4: Exaggerated
* Dermatomes Myotomes
* Limb Length Discrepancies
Apparent Length
True Length
*Special Tests
* Functional Assessment Ambulation - Gait or Wheel Chair
-Independent or Dependent
-Transfers
* Gait Assessment
Type of gait
Stride length
Step length
VAS / NRS Scale
ADL
Investigations:
Clinical Impression:
Differential Diagnosis:
Findings to make Final Impression:
Final Diagnosis:
Goals:
Short Term
Long Term
.
*Treatment Plan:
Electric Modalities
Manipulation
Exercises
Splints & Assistive Devices
Home Programme:
SPECIAL ORTHOPAEDIC TESTS
Shoulder:
* Speed Test (Biceps or Straight Arm Test - Bicipital Tendinitis
*Yergason’s Test - Bicipital Tendinitis
*Lippman’s Test - Bicipital Tendinitis
* Supraspinatus Test (Empty Can Test) - Supraspinatus Tear
*Drop Arm Test (Codman’s Test) - Rotator Complex
*Neer Impingement Test - Supraspinatus & Biceps Tendon
* Roos Test - Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
*Wright Test - Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
* Adson Test - Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
* Allen’s Test - - Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
* Upper Limb Tension Test (ULTT) ULTT 1 - Median nerve & anterior
interosseous nerve
ULTT 2 - C5, 6, 7, Median nerve, Musculocutaneous nerve & axillary nerve
ULTT 3 - Radial nerve
ULTT 4 - C8, T1, Ulnar nerve
*Apprehension Test - Anterior Shoulder Dislocation *Rockwood Test - Anterior Shoulder Instability
* Dugas Test - Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
*Posterior Apprehension Test - Posterior Shoulder Dislocation
* Push Pull Test - Posterior Shoulder Dislocation
* Sulcus Test - Inferior Shoulder Instability
* Clunk Test - Labral Tear
* Elbow:
* Ligamentous Instability Tests - Lateral & Medial Collateral *Ligaments Cozen’s Test - Lateral Epicondylitis
*Mill’s Test - Lateral Epicondylitis
Golfer’s Elbow Test - Medial Epicondylitis
*Wartenberg’s Sign - Ulnar Neuropathy
* Elbow Flexion Test - Cubital Syndrome
* Pronator Teres Test - Pronator Teres Syndrome
* Forearm, Wrist & Hand:
*Finketsein’s Test - Abductor Pollicis Longus & Extensor Pollicis Longus Tenosynovitis *Sweater Finger Test - Ruptured Flexor Digitorum Profundus
* Bunnel-Litter Test - Tight Intrinsics
* Phalen’s Test - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
* Reverse Phalen’s Test - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Froment’s Sign - Paralysis of Adductor Pollicis Longus
Pelvis:
* Approximation Test - Possible SI Lesion or Sprain Posterior SI Ligaments
Gapping Test - Sprain Anterior SI Ligaments
*Sacroiliac Rocking Test (SI Strain) - Sacrotuberous Ligaments
* SLR (Lascgucs Test) - SI Problems
* Gaenslen’s Test - -I/P SI Lesion or Hip Pathology or Lumbar Pathology
Prone Knee Bend Test - For D/F Diagnosis
h Yeoman’s Test
*Hip:
* Patrick’s Test (FABER or Figure Four T - Hip Joint? Iliopsoas Spasm *Stinchfield Test - Hip Joint Pathology
*Thomas Test - Hip Flexion Contracture
* Rectus Femoris Contracture Test - For Rectus Femoris
* Ober’s Test - TFL Contracture
* Piriformis Test - Piriformis Syndrome
* Knee:
*Valgus Stress Test - Medial Collateral Ligament
*Varus Stress Test - Lateral Collateral Ligament
*Lachman Test - Anterior Cruciate Ligament
* Anterior Drawer Sign - Anterior Cruciate Ligament
* Posterior Drawer Sign - Posterior Cruciate Ligament
* McMurray Test - Meniscal Tear
* Apley’s Test - Meniscal or Ligamentous?
* Bounce Home Test - Meniscal Injury
* Mediopatellar Plica Test - Mediopatellar Plica
* Fluctuation Test - Swelling
* Patellar Tap Test - Swelling
* Clarke’s Sign - Patellofemoral Dysfunction
* McConnell Test - Chondromalacia Patella
* Q-Angle or Patellofemoral Angle - Patellofemoral Dysfunction
*Fairbank’s Apprehension Test - Dislocation of Patella
Ankle:
*Anterior Drawer Test - Anterior Talofibular Ligament Injury
*Talar Tilt - Calcaneofibular Ligament
*Thompson’s Test - Achilles Tendon Rupture
Cervical Spine:
* Foraminal Compression (Sparling’s Test)
- Cervical Radiculitis
*ULTT’s - D/F Diagnosis
*Shoulder Depression Test & Abduction Test - Compression of nerve roots or Brachial Plexus Lesion
*Jackson’s Compression Test - Pressure on nerve root
*Valsalva Tests - Herniated disc / Tumour / Osteophyte
*Vertebral Artery Test - Compression of Vertebral Artery
(Cervical Quadrant Test)
Thoracic Spine:
*Slump Test - Impingement of Dura & Spinal Cord / Nerve Roots
Lumbar Spine:
*Slump Test - For Neuromeningeal Tract
*SLR (Basic), 2, 3, 4, Crossed SLR - Sciatic, Tibial, Sural, Common Peroneal, Disc Prolapse
*Valsalva Maneuver - Increased Intrathecal Pressure
*Schober’s Test - Measure Flexion of Lumbar Spine
*Stoop Test - Neurogenic Intermittent Claudication
Tests for Malingering:
*Hoover Test - Malingering for Back Pain
* Burns Test - Malingering for Back Pain
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