Joint Dislocation/subluxation,Complications in joint Dislocation/subluxation

 

Joint Dislocation/subluxation ➧Dislocation of a joint occurs when trauma produces complete dissociation of the articulating surfaces of the joint. Subluxation occurs when the articulating surfaces remain partially in contact with each other .The stability of a joint depends on its anatomy. 

The hip is relatively stable because it has a deep ball and socket configuration, whereas the shoulder is far less stable because it has a small area of bony contact.

Less stable joints such as the shoulder and fingers are more likely to dislocate.

More stable joints such as the hip, elbow, ankle and subtalar joints require much greater forces to dislocate and are, therefore, more likely to be associated with other injuries (e.g. fractures, nerve and vascular damage). All dislocations and subluxations result in injuries to the surrounding joint capsule and ligaments.

Complications in joint DislocationComplications of dislocations include associated 

Nerve damage, for example, axillary nerve injury in shoulder dislocations, 

Vascular damage, for example, brachial artery damage in elbow dislocation. All dislocations should be X-rayed to exclude an associated fracture.

Dislocated joints, in most cases, may be reduced relatively easily. Occasionally, muscle relaxation is required and this is achieved either by the use of an injected relaxant such as diazepam or by general anesthetic. 

After reduction, the joint needs to be protected to allow the joint capsule and ligaments to heal. Where possible, early protected mobilization is encouraged. Subsequent muscle strengthening gives the joint increased stability.