Surface landmarks of Front and Sides of Foreorm
➤1. The epicondyles of the humerus have been examined.
Note that medial epicondyle is more prominent than
the lateral. The posterior surface of the medial
epicondyle is crossed by the ulnar nerae which can
be rolled under the palpating finger. Pressure on
the nerve produces tingling sensations on the medial
side of the hand .
➤2. The tendon of the biceps brachii can be felt in front of
the elbow. It can be made prominent by flexing the
elbow joint against resistance. Pulsations of the
brachial artery can be felt just medial to the tendon
.
➤3. The head of the radius can be palpated in a depression
on the posterolateral aspect of the extended elbow,
distal to the lateral epicondyle. Its rotation can be
felt during pronation and supination of the forearm.
➤4. The styloid process of the radius project 1 cm lower
than the styloid process of the ulna . It can
be felt in the upper part of the anatomical snuff box.
Its tip is concealed by the tendons of the abductor
pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis breois, which
must be relaxed during palpation.
➤5. The head of the ulna forms a surface elevation on the
medial part of the posterior surface of the wrist
when the hand is pronated.
➤6. The styloid process of the ulna projects downwards
from the posteromedial aspect of the lower end of
the ulna. Its tip can be felt on the posteromedial
aspect of the wrist, where it lies about 1 cm above
the tip of the styloid process of the radius (Fig. 9.1).
➤7. The pisiform bone can be felt at the base of the
hypothenar eminence (medially) where the tendon
of the flexor carpi ulnaris terminates. It becomes
visible and easily palpable at the medial end of the
distal transverse crease (junction of forearm and
hand) when the wrist is fully extended.
➤8. The hook of the hamate lies one finger breadth below
the pisiform bone, in line with the ulnar border of
the ring finger. It canbe felt only on deep palpation
through the hypothenar muscles.
➤9. The tubercle of the scaphoid lies beneath the lateral
part of the distal transverse crease in an extended
wrist. It can be felt at the base of the thenar eminence
in a depression just lateral to the tendon of the flexor
carpi radialis .
➤10. The tubercle (crest) of the trapezium may be felt on deep
palpation inferolateral to the tubercle of the scaphoid.
➤11. The brachioradialls becomes prominent along the
lateral border of the forearm when the elbow is
flexed against resistance in the midprone position
of the hand.
➤12. The tendons of the flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus ,
andflexor carpi ulnaris can be identified on the front
of the wrist when the hand is flexed against
resistance. The tendons lie in the order stated, from
lateral to medial side .
➤13. The pulsation of the radial artery can be felt in front
of the lower end of the radius just lateral to the
tendon of the flexor carpi radialis.
➤14. The pulsations of the ulnar artery can be felt by
careful palpation just lateral to the tendon of the
flexor carpi ulnaris. Here the ul:rar nerve lies medial
to the artery.
➤15. The transaerse creases in front of the wrist are
important landmarks. The proximal transverse
crease lies at the level of the wrist joint, and distal
crease corresponds to the proximal border of the
flexor retinaculum.
➤16. The median nerve is very superficial in position at
and above the wrist. It lies along the lateral edge of
the tendon of the palmaris longus at the middle of
the wrist.
Physiotherapy Aantomy Forearm and hand MCQs MPT Preparation Quiz
MCQ|MPT Preparation
Good Try!
Post a Comment
If you have any doubts any queries so contact me on social media account and send mail